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In the context of John Locke's theories, natural law is foundational in establishing the concept of inherent rights. Locke posits that natural law is a moral framework that exists independently of societal or governmental laws. This natural law underpins the idea that individuals are endowed with certain inalienable rights simply by virtue of being human, such as the rights to life, liberty, and property.

Locke argues that the primary role of government is to protect these inherent rights, and any law or policy that contravenes this natural law is viewed as illegitimate. Therefore, the relationship between natural law and government is one where the latter should act in accordance with the principles derived from natural law, ensuring that the rights of individuals are not violated. This perspective is essential for understanding the foundation of modern democratic and legal systems that prioritize individual rights.