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The New Deal reforms represent the last major realignment of political parties in the United States, occurring during the 1930s under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. This period was characterized by a significant shift in the political landscape, as traditional party coalitions were transformed. The Democratic Party, which advocated for a strong federal government role in economic recovery and social welfare, began to attract a diverse coalition of voters, including urban workers, minority groups, and rural Americans suffering from the Great Depression.

This realignment also led to the Republican Party reemphasizing its roots in conservatism and limited government, effectively causing voters who previously identified with the GOP to reconsider their political alignments based on the successes and failures of New Deal policies. Consequently, the New Deal reforms not only addressed pressing economic issues but also reshaped party identities and platforms, establishing a new political order that influenced American politics for decades to come.