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Humanism during the Renaissance was characterized by a revival of classical learning and values from Ancient Greece and Rome. This movement emphasized the importance of human experience and individual potential, moving away from the singular focus on religious themes that had dominated the Middle Ages. Humanists sought to study classical texts, philosophy, history, and ethics, believing that these subjects could lead to a more fulfilled and enlightened human existence.

This revival included a focus on secular themes in literature and art, celebrating human accomplishments, and promoting education in the liberal arts, reflecting the belief that humans could shape their own destinies through intellect and creativity. The works of figures like Petrarch and Erasmus exemplify this spirit of inquiry and appreciation for classical culture.

While other choices touch on elements present during the Renaissance, they do not align as closely with the core tenets of humanism as the revival of classical learning does. For instance, the focus on religious themes in art was indeed prevalent, but it was more characteristic of the earlier medieval period. The chivalric code was tied to medieval notions of knighthood rather than the humanist emphasis on individualism. Lastly, while the use of symbolism in art was significant during the Renaissance, abstract symbolism specifically does not capture the essence of humanism as